Showing posts with label super capacitor. Show all posts
Showing posts with label super capacitor. Show all posts

Wednesday, June 8, 2016

Novel energy inside a microcircuit chip: VTT developed an efficient nanomaterial-based integrated energy storage

Here is a cool energy storage device from VTT in Finland using Finnish ALD technology from Beneq - a Beneq TFS-500 reactor.
As published by VTT: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland developed an extremely efficient small-size energy storage, a micro-supercapacitor, which can be integrated directly inside a silicon microcircuit chip. The high energy and power density of the miniaturized energy storage relies on the new hybrid nanomaterial developed recently at VTT. This technology opens new possibilities for integrated mobile devices and paves the way for zero-power autonomous devices required for the future Internet of Things (IoT).

Supercapacitors resemble electrochemical batteries. However, in contrast to for example mobile phone lithium ion batteries, which utilize chemical reactions to store energy, supercapacitors store mainly electrostatic energy that is bound at the interface between liquid and solid electrodes. Similarly to batteries supercapacitors are typically discrete devices with large variety of use cases from small electronic gadgets to the large energy storages of electrical vehicles.
The energy and power density of a supercapacitor depends on the surface area and conductivity of the solid electrodes. VTT's research group has developed a hybrid nanomaterial electrode, which consists of porous silicon coated with a few nanometre thick titanium nitride layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD). This approach leads to a record large conductive surface in a small volume. Inclusion of ionic liquid in a micro channel formed in between two hybrid electrodes results in extremely small and efficient energy storage.

The new supercapacitor has excellent performance. For the first time, silicon based micro-supercapacitor competes with the leading carbon and graphene based devices in power, energy and durability.


From Graphical abstract - Conformal titanium nitride in a porous silicon matrix: A nanomaterial for in-chip supercapacitors, Nano Energy26(2016)340–345, doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.029
Micro-supercapacitors can be integrated directly with active microelectronic devices to store electrical energy generated by different thermal, light and vibration energy harvesters and to supply the electrical energy when needed. This is important for autonomous sensor networks, wearable electronics and mobile electronics of the IoT.

VTT's research group takes the integration to the extreme by integrating the new nanomaterial micro-supercapacitor energy storage directly inside a silicon chip. The demonstrated in-chip supercapacitor technology enables storing energy of as much as 0.2 joule and impressive power generation of 2 watts on a one square centimetre silicon chip. At the same time it leaves the surface of the chip available for active integrated microcircuits and sensors.

VTT is currently seeking a party interested in commercializing the technique.

VTT's article on integrated energy storage will be published in Nano Energy magazine (Volume 26, August 2016, pages 340-345). The article can be read online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.04.029

Sunday, August 2, 2015

Sol-gel Capacitor Dielectric Offers Record-high Energy Storage

Here are new wonderful results on a sol gel capacitor technology that could beat batteries in the future aiming at both high power and energy density. Thanks Heiko for helping me to find this one.  Georgia Tech reports : Using a hybrid silica sol-gel material and self-assembled monolayers of a common fatty acid, researchers have developed a new capacitor dielectric material that provides an electrical energy storage capacity rivaling certain batteries, with both a high energy density and high power density.


Samples of the new hybrid sol-gel material are shown placed on a clear plastic substrate for testing. (Credit: John Toon, Georgia Tech)

If the material can be scaled up from laboratory samples, devices made from it could surpass traditional electrolytic capacitors for applications in electromagnetic propulsion, electric vehicles and defibrillators. Capacitors often complement batteries in these applications because they can provide large amounts of current quickly.


“This is the first time I’ve seen a capacitor beat a battery on energy density,” said Perry. “The combination of high energy density and high power density is uncommon in the capacitor world.”


The new material is composed of a silica sol-gel thin film containing polar groups linked to the silicon atoms and a nanoscale self-assembled monolayer of an octylphosphonic acid, which provides insulating properties. The bilayer structure blocks the injection of electrons into the sol-gel material, providing low leakage current, high breakdown strength and high energy extraction efficiency.


Publication: Yunsang Kim, et al., “Bilayer Structure with Ultra-high Energy/Power Density Using Hybrid Sol-Gel Dielectric and Charge Blocking Monolayer, (Advanced Energy Materials, 2015).http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500767





Thursday, April 9, 2015

Knowles has expanded its DLI ‘UX’ ultra-high K dielectric capacitor range

Knowles has expanded its DLI ‘UX’ ultra-high K dielectric capacitor range. The ‘UX’ material has the company’s highest dielectric constant allows for higher capacitance values in existing case sizes, or smaller sized components – all achieved without sacrificing performance. The material is space qualified to MIL-PRF-38534 Class K.

 
This new 50V rated dielectric complements the existing 25V rated material and is available to be specified across a broad range of standard Thin Film architectures – including Di-Caps, Border Caps, Bar Caps and Gap Caps.

With the temperature stability of an X7R material and a dielectric constant of 25,000, UX is seen as the ideal solution for ultra-broadband decoupling, broadband DC blocking, amplifier stabilization and energy storage applications.

Capacitance range 51pF to 10,000pF; Temperature coefficient of capacitance ±15% at -55C to +125C; Dissipation Factor < 2.5% at 1MHz; Insulation Resistance >103Mohm at +25C and Dielectric Withstanding Voltage of 250% of rated voltage. Finished products exhibit exceptional dimensional tolerance and are Ideal for epoxy and wire bond assembly, says the company.

Wednesday, April 8, 2015

First ALD based cermic capacitor

As repoted by Bargan Tech in Lesnoy Gorodok, Odintsovky District, Moscow Province who uses Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)  to deposit nanoscale layers of the dielectric and conductor onto a porous carbon-based material - the primary electrode. This results in a very thin device with high specific capacity that is several orders of magnitude greater than existing multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC).

logo

The application of a highly porous material is a more progressive method of increasing capacity than 
(a) reducing the thickness of the dielectric; (b) numerous layering; (c) using dielectrics with high permittivity (ε), which are the methods used in the best ceramic capacitors today - the multi-layer ceramic capacitors.

 
The advantages of our single layer construction over multi-layer ceramic capacitors include:

  • Higher specific capacity at comparable operating voltage.
  • Absence of noise when operating at high frequency (high speed charging and discharging), caused by the difference in expansion dynamics of each layer (conductor and dielectric), which result from overheating.
  • Infinite scalability; flexibility to produce high capacity devices using Class 1 ceramic materials which is a high quality ceramic with a low temperature/capacity dependence.
  • Simple manufacturing process.
Datasheet (pdf) [339,38 Kb]

Proprietary electrode

The foundation of the technology, serving as the primary plate, is a carbon based material with macro and mesopores. A hybrid dielectric and the second plate are conformed to its surface - layer by layer - by Atomic Layer Deposition. The capacitor assembly is then completed using traditional methods. The material is a form of viscose cloth - heat treated in an oxygen-free environment.

 
As illustrated, its structure consists of uniformly shaped interwoven fibers. The surface of each fiber is vastly covered with pores ranging 30-300nm in diameter, which is sufficient for building the dielectric and conductor layers on their inner surfaces.

Wednesday, December 10, 2014

Intel shows porous silicon 3.5 mF/cm2 super caps using ALD TiN

As reported by Chip Works Blog: For those interested in energy storage, Intel have fabricated porous silicon capacitors (8.2) that can potentially be integrated on-die or onto solar cells, taking advantage of the extreme conformal deposition capabilities of atomic-layer deposition (ALD). The image below shows a top-down view of the porous silicon before and after ALD TiN deposition; the wall of the pore walls get thicker, but the pore structure doesn’t change. Capacitances of up to 3 milliFarads/cm2 are claimed.

IEDM: http://www.his.com/~iedm/program/program.html
Session 8: Sensors, MEMS, and BioMEMS– NEMS and Energy Harvesters

Monday, December 15, 1:30 p.m.
Imperial Ballroom B
Co-Chairs: Rainer Minixhofer, AMS
Kea-Tiong Tang, National Tsing Hua University
2:00 p.m.
8.2 Integrated On-Chip Energy Storage Using Porous-Silicon Electrochemical Capacitors, D.S. Gardner, C.W. Holzwarth, Y. Liu, S.B. Clendenning, W. Jin, B.K. Moon, C.L. Pint, Z. Chen, E. Hannah, R. Chen, C.P. Wang, C. Chen*, E. Mäkilä**, and J.L. Gustafson, Intel Corp., *Florida Int'l Univ., **University of Turku
Capacitors are favored over batteries for energy harvesting and certain energy storage applications. Electrochemical capacitors based on porous-silicon nano¬structures were synthesized and passivated using either ALD TiN or CVD carbon. Highly stable high density capacitances are achieved and are fabricated using silicon process methods with the potential of on-die integration.



8.2 Fig 5_Gardner

Friday, November 28, 2014

VTT demonstrate ALD TiN for porous silicon electrodes integrated supercaps

VTT demonstrated ALD TiN for porous silicon electrodes integrated supercapacitors at the Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC), 2014 in Helsinki, Finland (16-18 Sept. 2014)



K. Grigoras, J. Keskinen, J. Ahopelto, M. Prunnila

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

We demonstrate high performance porous Si based supercapacitor electrodes that can be utilized in integrated micro supercapacitors. The key enabler here is ultra-thin TiN coating of the porous Si matrix leading to high power and stability. The TiN layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), which provides sufficient conformality to reach the bottom of the high aspect ratio pores. Our porous Si supercapacitor devices exhibit almost ideal double layer capacitor characteristic with electrode volumetric capacitance of 7.3 F/cm. Several orders of magnitude increase in power and energy density is obtained comparing to uncoated porous silicon electrodes. Good stability of devices is confirmed performing over 5 000 charge/discharge cycles

Monday, November 17, 2014

Ultra-compact capacitors by ALD for the electronics market

Fraunhofer IPMS-CNT and IZM-ASSID presented ultra-thin and integrated capacitors with a high capacity and specially tailored features for industrial applications at electronica, the international trade show for components, systems and applications in the electronic sector in Munich (November 11-14, 2014).
 
 
New High Density capacitors for SiP From Fraunhofer institutes IPMS & IZM ASSID Booth A4.113 (Twitter: https://twitter.com/IZMASSID
 
The division "Center Nanoelectronic Technologies" (CNT) is the Fraunhofer IPMS research and development platform for material and process optimization for the industrial semiconductor production. Together with Fraunhofer IZM-ASSID and ALD Lab Dresden, a competence center for atomic layer deposition, the CNT developed an ultra-compact capacitor for direct integrated circuit packaging. The capacitor’s design and features can be adapted to specific customer requirements and a large range of capacity values can be achieved with the use of high-k materials and special structuring processes.

 
 
Close up of the Ultra Thin High Density capacitors for SiP From Fraunhofer institutes IPMS & IZM ASSID Booth A4.113 (Twitter: https://twitter.com/IZMASSID
 
Customizable high density integrated capacitors.
 
Besides the direct integration (“system in package”), the capacitor is also suited for implementation in high-end printed circuit boards. In addition, the technology is also used in interposers or directly on the chip metallization level. The application fields of these capacitors vary and may include signal filtering in low- and high-frequency applications, for decoupling purposes and as energy storage.
 
 

Friday, August 1, 2014

Perovskite pseudocapacitors for energy storage from Texas

Anion charge storage through oxygen intercalation in LaMnO3 perovskite pseudocapacitor electrodes

J. Tyler Mefford, William G. Hardin, Sheng Dai, Keith P. Johnston and Keith J. Stevenson
Nature Materials Volume: 13, Pages: 726–732 01 June 2014 

 

Abstract

Perovskite oxides have attracted significant attention as energy conversion materials for metal–air battery and solid-oxide fuel-cell electrodes owing to their unique physical and electronic properties. Amongst these unique properties is the structural stability of the cation array in perovskites that can accommodate mobile oxygen ions under electrical polarization. Despite oxygen ion mobility and vacancies having been shown to play an important role in catalysis, their role in charge storage has yet to be explored. Herein we investigate the mechanism of oxygen-vacancy-mediated redox pseudocapacitance for a nanostructured lanthanum-based perovskite, LaMnO3. This is the first example of anion-based intercalation pseudocapacitance as well as the first time oxygen intercalation has been exploited for fast energy storage. Whereas previous pseudocapacitor and rechargeable battery charge storage studies have focused on cation intercalation, the anion-based mechanism presented here offers a new paradigm for electrochemical energy storage.



Monday, May 19, 2014

Vanderbilt University - A Multifunctional Load-Bearing Solid-State Supercapacitor

"The biggest problem with designing load-bearing supercaps is preventing them from delaminating," said Westover. "Combining nanoporous material with the polymer electrolyte bonds the layers together tighter than superglue."
 
Andrew S. Westover, John W. Tian, Shivaprem Bernath, Landon Oakes, Rob Edwards, Farhan N. Shabab, Shahana Chatterjee, Amrutur V. Anilkumar, and Cary L. Pint
Nano Lett., DOI: 10.1021/nl500531r, Publication Date (Web): May 13, 2014


Abstract: A load-bearing, multifunctional material with the simultaneous capability to store energy and withstand static and dynamic mechanical stresses is demonstrated. This is produced using ion-conducting polymers infiltrated into nanoporous silicon that is etched directly into bulk conductive silicon. This device platform maintains energy densities near 10 W h/kg with Coulombic efficiency of 98% under exposure to over 300 kPa tensile stresses and 80 g vibratory accelerations, along with excellent performance in other shear, compression, and impact tests. This demonstrates performance feasibility as a structurally integrated energy storage material broadly applicable across renewable energy systems, transportation systems, and mobile electronics, among others.

Improved supercapacitors using ruthenium oxide RGM foam by University of California

As reported today by Sean Nealon, UC Riverside, Researchers at the Univ. of California, Riverside have developed a novel nanometer scale ruthenium oxide anchored nanocarbon graphene foam architecture that improves the performance of supercapacitors, a development that could mean faster acceleration in electric vehicles and longer battery life in portable electronics.

Read the full story here in the R&D Mag or check out the original OPEN ACCESS publication bellow:
 
Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide Nanoparticles Anchored to Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Foam for Supercapacitors
Wei Wang, Shirui Guo, Ilkeun Lee, Kazi Ahmed, Jiebin Zhong, Zachary Favors, Francisco Zaera, Mihrimah Ozkan & Cengiz S. Ozkan          
Scientific Reports 4, Article number: 4452 doi:10.1038/srep04452, 25 March 2014

Abstract: In real life applications, supercapacitors (SCs) often can only be used as part of a hybrid system together with other high energy storage devices due to their relatively lower energy density in comparison to other types of energy storage devices such as batteries and fuel cells. Increasing the energy density of SCs will have a huge impact on the development of future energy storage devices by broadening the area of application for SCs. Here, we report a simple and scalable way of preparing a three-dimensional (3D) sub-5 nm hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2) anchored graphene and CNT hybrid foam (RGM) architecture for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. This RGM architecture demonstrates a novel graphene foam conformally covered with hybrid networks of RuO2 nanoparticles and anchored CNTs. SCs based on RGM show superior gravimetric and per-area capacitive performance (specific capacitance: 502.78 F g−1, areal capacitance: 1.11 F cm−2) which leads to an exceptionally high energy density of 39.28 Wh kg−1 and power density of 128.01 kW kg−1. The electrochemical stability, excellent capacitive performance, and the ease of preparation suggest this RGM system is promising for future energy storage applications.

(a) Schematic illustration of the preparation process of RGM nanostructure foam. SEM images of (b–c) as-grown GM foam (d) Lightly loaded RGM, and (e) heavily loaded RGM. (Source : article above)


Check out the performance in this Ragone plot - Woah - pretty high energy density material!



(a) EIS plots and (b) high frequency region EIS plots of GM, RGM, a control sample (RuO2 nanoparticles only), respectively. (c) Ragone plot related to energy densities and power densities of the packaged whole cell RGM SC, GM SC, RuO2 nanoparticles SC, hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2)/graphene sheets composite (GOGSC), RuO2 nanowire/single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) hybrid film. (Source: articlew above)
 




Friday, April 25, 2014

Paper-based ultracapacitors with carbon nanotubes-graphene composites

As reported by EE Times: Ultracapacitors, also called supercapacitors, serve as temporary energy storage that can quickly charge and discharge for everything from regenerative brakes in electric vehicles to cordless power tools that recharge in 90 seconds to stabilizing computer power supplies. Now researchers at George Washington University's Micro-Propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory report that superior ultracapacitors can be constructed from an inexpensive hybrid composite of graphene flakes mixed with single-walled carbon nanotubes.
 
Full report can be found in the JAP paper below
 
 
 
Prototype of an ultracapacitor device based on carbon nanostructures.

Paper-based ultracapacitors with carbon nanotubes-graphene composites
Jian Li, Xiaoqian Cheng, Jianwei Sun, Cameron Brand, Alexey Shashurin, Mark Reeves and
Michael Keidar
J. Appl. Phys. 115, 164301 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4871290

In this paper, a paper-based ultracapacitors were fabricated by the rod-rolling method with the ink of carbon nanomaterials, which were synthesized by arc discharge under various magnetic conditions. Composites of carbon nanostructures, including high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene flakes were synthesized simultaneously in a magnetically enhanced arc. These two nanostructures have promising electrical properties and synergistic effects in the application of ultracapacitors. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the properties of carbon nanostructures and their thin films. The sheet resistance of the SWCNT and composite thin films was also evaluated by four-point probe from room temperature to the cryogenic temperature as low as 90 K. In addition, measurements of cyclic voltammetery and galvanostatic charging/discharging showed the ultracapacitor based on composites possessed a superior specific capacitance of up to 100 F/g, which is around three times higher than the ultracapacitor entirely fabricated with SWCNT.